Northern Territories Alcohol Labels Study
The Northern Territories Alcohol Labels Study, led by CISUR and Public Health Ontario (PHO), is the first real-world evaluation of alcohol warning labels in Canada. The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of alcohol warning labels as a tool for increasing consumer awareness of alcohol-related health risks and supporting more informed and safer alcohol consumption. This project, led by Erin Hobin (PI) and Tim Stockwell (Co-PI), tests the population-level impact of alcohol warning labels using alcohol sales data and surveys in an intervention site (Whitehorse, Yukon) and comparison site (Yellowknife, Northwest Territories). The study builds on previous research testing the design and acceptability of alcohol warning labels among consumers in Canada.
Several publications from the project were released in early 2020. The study protocol, which is available open-access in JMIR Research Protocols, outlines the original design and modifications a result of interference by the alcohol industry. Initial study results, available open-access as part of the Special Issue on Alcohol Policy and Public Health in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, showed increased support for alcohol policies as a result of increased knowledge of alcohol-related cancer risk. These findings are also highlighted in a blogpost for the Institute of Alcohol Studies and in an infographic poster. Another paper in the International Journal of Drug Policy demonstrated the impact of the evidence-based labels on processing of messaging information and motivation to reduce alcohol consumption.
A special section on alcohol warning labels in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs with six publications from the study was published in May 2020, along with media released from University of Victoria and JSAD. The JSAD research found that the labels reduced alcohol sales and people who bought alcohol with the labels better remembered national drinking guidelines and warning risks about cancer. In addition, a media analysis concluded the majority of media coverage of the Yukon study supported the use of labels, and an analysis of the alcohol lobby's arguments around Yukon’s right to affix the labels on alcohol containers found that their arguments held no water and governments had a duty to inform citizens they were selling a product that could cause cancer or risk leaving themselves exposed to future civil lawsuits.
Journal articles
Project publications
- Use as directed: do standard drink labels on alcohol containers help consumers drink (ir)responsibly? Real‐world evidence from a quasi‐experimental study in Yukon, Canada (2020)
- Cancer warning labels on alcohol containers: A consumer’s right to know, a government’s responsibility to inform, and an industry’s power to thwart (2020)
- News media and the influence of the alcohol industry: An analysis of media coverage of alcohol warning labels with a cancer message in Canada and Ireland (2020)
- Examining the impact of alcohol labels on awareness and knowledge of national drinking guidelines: A real-world study in Yukon, Canada (2020)
- Testing alcohol labels as a tool to communicate cancer risk to drinkers: a real-world quasi-experimental study (2020)
- Baseline assessment of alcohol-related knowledge of and support for alcohol warning labels among alcohol consumers in northern Canada and associations with key sociodemographic characteristics (2020)
- The effects of alcohol warning labels on population alcohol consumption: An interrupted time series analysis of alcohol sales in Yukon, Canada (2020)
- The arrogance of power: Alcohol industry interference with warning label research (2020)
- Effects of strengthening alcohol labels on attention, message processing, and perceived effectiveness: A quasi-experimental study in Yukon, Canada (2020)
- Testing the Effectiveness of Enhanced Alcohol Warning Labels and Modifications Resulting From Alcohol Industry Interference in Yukon, Canada: Protocol for a Quasi-Experimental Study (2020)
- Improving Knowledge That Alcohol Can Cause Cancer Is Associated with Consumer Support for Alcohol Policies: Findings from a Real-World Alcohol Labelling Study (2020)
- Testing the Efficacy of Alcohol Labels with Standard Drink Information and National Drinking Guidelines on Consumers’ Ability to Estimate Alcohol Consumption (2017)
- “We Have a Right to Know”: Exploring Consumer Opinions on Content, Design and Acceptability of Enhanced Alcohol Labels (2017)
Related labelling publications
- Calorie Intake from Alcohol in Canada: Why New Labelling Requirements are Necessary (2019)
- Can a Label Help me Drink in Moderation? A Review of the Evidence on Standard Drink Labelling (2018)
- How much did you actually drink last night? An evaluation of standard drink labels as an aid to monitoring personal consumption (2014)
- A Review Of Research Into The Impacts Of Alcohol Warning Labels On Attitudes And Behaviour (2006)
Reports
Label images
- Study intervention labels
- Standard drink labels (jpgs)
- Cancer label
- Low-risk drinking guidelines label
- Existing labels
Related news stories
Coverage of study resumption:
- Yukon’s alcohol label study back on but without a cancer warning (Yukon News, February 2018)
- Yukon alcohol label study will no longer include warnings of cancer link (National Post, February 2018)
- Alcohol-industry officials lobbied Yukon to halt warning-label study, e-mails show (Globe and Mail, May 2018)
- Researcher angry alcohol industry lobbied Yukon to 'squash' cancer warning study (CBC's As it Happens, May 2018)
Coverage of study halt:
- It’s the last call for bottle labels – for now (Whitehorse Star, December 2017)
- Andre Picard: Removing warning labels from Yukon liquor is shameful (Globe and Mail, January 2018)
- Yukon alcohol labels (CBC's As it Happens, January 2018)
- Liquor industry pressure puts abrupt stop to unique alcohol warning-label project in Yukon (National Post, January 2018)
- Booze warnings worked in U.S., says researcher after Yukon labels pulled (Canadian Press, January 2018)
- Yukon Government Gives In to Liquor Industry on Warning Label Experiment (New York Times, January 2018)
- Lawmakers, Alcohol Industry Tussle Over Cancer Labels on Booze (Wall Street Journal, February 2018)
Media at launch:
- Yukon rolls out world-first — labels warning alcohol can cause cancer (National Post, November 2017)
- Yukon alcohol labels (CBC's As it Happens, November 2017)
- New booze labels in Yukon warn of cancer risk from drinking (CBC North, November 2017)
- UVic research leads to cancer-warning labels on liquor in Yukon (Times Colonist, November 2017)
- In a Canadian first, Yukon rolls out cancer warning labels on alcohol (CTV News)
Other related news stories:
Blog posts
- Does knowing alcohol can cause cancer improve support alcohol policies? (Institute for Alcohol Studies, March 2020)
- Can't Handle the Proof: Alcohol industry protests over cancer warning labels backfire (Institute for Alcohol Studies, January 2018)
Infographics
Alcohol industry communication
Email correspondence from Canadian alcohol producers to Yukon government
We have compiled email correspondence from Canadian alcohol industry representatives to the Yukon Liquor Corporation in late 2017 and early 2018 regarding their participation in a research study with Public Health Ontario and the Canadian Institute for Substance Use Research to evaluate the impact of new alcohol warning labels in Yukon. These emails were obtained using the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act by a third party for a story by journalist James Wilt that appeared in the Globe and Mail regarding alcohol industry actions that resulted in temporarily closing down our study. We have compiled the emails that were released that came from industry lobbyists working on behalf of various Canadian alcohol producers. These emails are referenced in a paper on the legal ramifications of the industry’s interference in this project which is now published as part of a special issue in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
Letter from BC craft brewing association
A letter was also written on behalf of a British Columbian craft brewing association to the Vice-President of Research at the University of Victoria in late 2017 expressing similar reservations about this project.
Photos, webinars, posters and powerpoints
- View our Flickr gallery.
- Video: How much did you actually drink last night?
- Powerpoint: Alcohol, Health Warnings in Yukon and Canadian Law
- Poster: Improving Knowledge that Alcohol Can Cause Cancer is Associated with Consumer Support for Alcohol Policies: Findings from a Real-World Alcohol Labelling Study
- Poster: Extra! Extra! Read All About--Labels: A media content analysis of a real-world alcohol labelling study in Yukon, Canada
About this project
Also known as the Northern Territories Alcohol Labels Study, this study is based on four years of preliminary research in Ontario, BC and the Yukon, and looks to evaluate the impacts on awareness, knowledge and behaviour of alcohol consumers of a labelling intervention implemented in the Whitehorse, Yukon government liquor store in comparison with the two government liquor stores in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories. Three warning labels were introduced in Whitehorse during the intervention period between November 2017 and July 2018: a cancer warning, national drinking guidelines, and standard drink information. Baseline surveys and two waves of follow-up surveys were completed in Whitehorse and Yellowknife with liquor store customers. Shortly after the intervention launched, Canadian alcohol industry lobby groups interfered with the study forcing a pause in the labelling and removal of the cancer warning. Full details of the study design are available in the publication outlining the protocol.
Progress to date
Despite the study being interrupted by Canadian alcohol industry lobby groups, the intervention was successfully completed. Data analyses are currently underway with a number of publications forthcoming.
Funding bodies
Health Canada, Substance Use and Addictions Program
Researchers
- Hobin, Erin (PI)
- Dr. Tim Stockwell (Co-PI)
- Hammond, D.
- Greenfield, T.
- Paradis, C.
- Vallance, Kate
- Weerasinghe, A.
- Rosella, L.
- Shokar, S.
- Schoueri-Mychasiw, N.
- McGavock, J.
- Dr. Jinhui Zhao